CBSE Class XII Sanskrit Elective
Complete Chapter-wise Syllabus 2025-26 | विषय-कोड्-सङ्ख्या: 022
Course Overview
Theory Paper
80
Marks
Internal Assessment
20
Marks
Duration
3
Hours
Total Sections
5
Sections
शिक्षणोद्देश्यानि (Learning Objectives)
- वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम् इति भावनाविकासः (Development of universal brotherhood)
- भारतीयभाषाणां संरक्षणम् (Preservation of Indian languages)
- संस्कृतभाषया संप्रेषणकौशलविकासः (Communication skills in Sanskrit)
- परस्परं संस्कृतसम्भाषणेन भाविविनिमयः (Dialogue through Sanskrit conversation)
- श्रवण-भाषण-पठन-लेखनेति चतुर्णाम् भाषिक-कौशलानां विकासः (Four language skills development)
- बौद्धिकविकासपुरस्करम् आध्यात्मिकनैतिकज्ञानम् (Intellectual and spiritual development)
- भारतीयसंस्कृतेः संरक्षणं ज्ञानवर्धनश्च (Cultural preservation and knowledge enhancement)
- संस्कृतसाहित्यस्य अध्ययनेन ज्ञानानन्दस्य अनुभूतिः (Literary appreciation and knowledge joy)
Section-wise Marks Distribution
| Section | Subject Area | Marks | Percentage | Question Types |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Unseen Comprehension (अपठितावबोधनम्) | 10 | 12.5% | Short & Long Answer |
| B | Creative Work (रचनात्मककार्यम्) | 10 | 12.5% | Letter/Paragraph/Translation |
| C | Applied Grammar (अनुप्रयुक्तव्याकरणम्) | 15 | 18.75% | Multiple Choice & Short Answer |
| D(i) | Prescribed Text Comprehension (पठितावबोधनम्) | 25 | 31.25% | Text-based Questions |
| D(ii) | Sanskrit Literature History (साहित्येतिहासः) | 10 | 12.5% | Historical Overview |
| E | Prosody & Rhetoric (छन्दोऽलंकार-परिचयः) | 10 | 12.5% | Identification & Examples |
| Total Theory | 80 | 100% | Mixed Format | |
सर्वाणि विभागाः समान महत्त्वेन मूल्यांकिताः (All sections carry equal importance)
Prescribed NCERT Textbooks
मुख्य पाठ्यपुस्तकम् (Main Textbook)
शान्ति - प्रथमो भागः (Published by NCERT/CBSE)
सहायक पाठ्यपुस्तकम् (Supplementary Textbook)
संस्कृत-साहित्य-परिचय (Published by NCERT/CBSE)
शान्ति - प्रथमो भागः Main Text
Prescribed Chapters (परीक्षायै निर्धारिताः पाठाः)
- प्रथमः पाठः - वेदामृतम्
- तृतीयः पाठः - परोपकाराय सतां विभूतयः
- चतुर्थः पाठः - मानो हि महतां धनम्
- पञ्चमः पाठः - सौवर्णशकटिका
- षष्ठः पाठः - आहारविचारः
- नवमः पाठः - विज्ञाननौका
- दशमः पाठः - कृताञ्जलिः
- एकादशः पाठः - ईशः कृत्स्नायोग्यः
- द्वादशः पाठः - समाहाररजः
संस्कृत-साहित्य-परिचय Literature
Prescribed Chapters
- प्रथम अध्याय - संस्कृत भाषा उत्थान एवं विकास
- प्रथम अध्याय - वैदिक साहित्य
- तृतीय अध्याय - रामायण
- तृतीय अध्याय - महाभारत एवं पुराण
Content Coverage
- Historical development of Sanskrit language
- Evolution of Vedic literature
- Study of major epics - Ramayana & Mahabharata
- Introduction to Puranic literature
- Classical literary traditions
Reference Books: व्याकरणसौरभम्, हायर संस्कृत व्याकरण, रचनानुवादकौमुदी
Section A: Unseen Comprehension (10 Marks)
अपठितावबोधनम् - 12.5% of Total Theory Marks
Comprehension Passage 10 Marks
Passage Specifications
- Length: 100-120 words (गद्यांश)
- Content: Simple narrative or descriptive text
- Language level: Accessible Sanskrit prose
- Topics: General themes from daily life or culture
Question Types (प्रश्न-प्रकाराः)
- Single word answers (एकपदेन उत्तरम्) - 2 marks
- Complete sentence answers (पूर्णवाक्येन उत्तरम्) - 4 marks
- Title writing (शीर्षकलेखनम्) - 1 mark
- Language tasks (भाषिक कार्यम्) - 3 marks
Language Tasks Include
- Subject identification (वाक्ये कर्ता)
- Adjective-noun matching (विशेषण-विशेष्यचयनम्)
- Synonym-antonym selection (पर्याय-विलोमपदचयनम्)
- Pronoun usage (सर्वनामस्थाने संज्ञाप्रयोगः)
Section B: Creative Work (10 Marks)
रचनात्मककार्यम् - Writing & Translation Skills
Letter Writing 5 Marks
पत्रलेखनम् (Formal/Informal Letters)
- Formal letters (औपचारिकपत्रम्)
- Informal letters (अनौपचारिकपत्रम्)
- Complete letter format required
- Proper Sanskrit conventions
- Context-based content
Paragraph Writing OR Translation 5 Marks
अनुच्छेदलेखनम् (Paragraph Writing)
- Topic-based paragraph composition
- Coherent thought development
- Appropriate Sanskrit vocabulary
- Proper sentence structure
अनुवादः (Translation)
- Hindi to Sanskrit translation
- English to Sanskrit translation
- 5-6 simple sentences
- Accurate meaning transfer
- Proper grammatical forms
Section C: Applied Grammar (15 Marks)
अनुप्रयुक्तव्याकरणम् - Comprehensive Grammar Coverage
संधिकार्यम् (Sandhi) 3 Marks
स्वरसन्धिः (Vowel Sandhi)
- दीर्घः (Dirgha)
- गुणः (Guna)
- यण् (Yan)
- अयादि (Ayadi)
- पूर्वरूपम् (Purvarupa)
व्यञ्जनसन्धिः (Consonant Sandhi)
- श्चुत्वम् (Shutva)
- ष्टुत्वम् (Shtutva)
- मोऽनुस्वारः (Mo'nuswara)
- परसवर्णः (Parasavarna)
विसर्गसन्धिः (Visarga Sandhi)
- सत्वम् (Satva)
- उत्वम् (Utva)
- रुत्वम् (Rutva)
- लोपः (Lopa)
शब्दरूपाणि (Word Forms) 3 Marks
अजन्ताः (Vowel Ending)
- सर्व (all), पूर्व (previous), सखि (friend)
- दातृ (giver), नृ (man), गो (cow)
- स्त्री (woman), अक्षि (eye)
हलन्ताः (Consonant Ending)
- भवत् (you), पथिन् (path), मरुत् (wind)
- तादृश् (such), अदस् (that), दिश् (direction)
- वाच् (speech), गिर् (word), धनिन् (wealthy)
- पयस् (milk)
धातुरूपाणि (Verb Forms) 3 Marks
परस्मैपदिनः (Parasmaipada)
- भू (to be), गम् (to go), नम् (to bow)
- अस् (to be), क्रुध् (to anger), हन् (to kill)
- श्रु (to hear), नश् (to perish), आप् (to obtain)
- शक् (to be able), इष् (to desire), प्रछ् (to ask)
- कृ (to do), ज्ञा (to know), भक्ष् (to eat)
- चिन्त् (to think), नृत् (to dance), कथ् (to speak)
आत्मनेपदिनः (Atmanepada)
- सेव् (to serve), रुच् (to please), लभ् (to obtain)
- मुद् (to rejoice), याच् (to beg)
- Tenses: लट् (Present), लृट् (Future)
प्रत्ययाः (Suffixes) 3 Marks
कृदन्ताः (Primary Suffixes)
- क्त (kta), क्तवतु (ktavatu), शतृ (shatru)
- शानच् (shaanach), यत् (yat), तव्यत् (tavyat)
- अनीयर् (aniyar), तृच् (truch), क्तिन् (ktin)
- अच् (ach)
तद्धिताः (Secondary Suffixes)
- ष्णिन् (shnin), ठक् (thak), अण् (an)
- य (ya), मयट् (mayat)
स्त्रीप्रत्ययौ (Feminine Suffixes)
- टाप् (taap), ङीप् (ngip)
अव्ययानि (Indeclinables) 2 Marks
Common Avyayas
- उच्चैः (loudly), शनैः (slowly), अधः (below)
- ऋते (except), युगपत् (simultaneously), अन्तः (within)
- बहिः (outside), द्विः (twice), सायम् (evening)
- चिरम् (for long), तूष्णीम् (silently), सहसा (suddenly)
- मिथ्या (falsely), पुरा (formerly), प्रायः (mostly)
- नूनम् (certainly), भूयः (again), खलु (indeed)
Other Grammar Topics 4 Marks
विभक्तिप्रयोगाः (Case Usage)
- कारकोपपदविभक्तयः (Case with specific words)
- Based on prescribed text passages
- Contextual case usage
समासविग्रहाः (Compound Analysis)
- Simple compound analysis from prescribed texts
- Recognition of compound types
- Basic समास patterns
Section D(i): Prescribed Text Comprehension (25 Marks)
पठितावबोधनम् - Largest Section (31.25% of Theory)
गद्यांशम् (Prose Passages) 5 Marks
Question Pattern
- Very short answers (अतिलघूत्तराध्कौ) - 1 mark
- Complete sentence answers (पूर्णवाक्याध्कौ) - 2 marks
- Language tasks (भाषिकं कार्यम्) - 2 marks
Prose Texts from शान्ति
- वेदामृतम् - Vedic wisdom and philosophy
- आहारविचारः - Thoughts on food and diet
- विज्ञाननौका - Science and knowledge
- समाहाररजः - Collection and acquisition
पद्यांशम् (Poetry Passages) 5 Marks
Question Pattern
- Very short answers (अतिलघूत्तराध्कौ) - 1 mark
- Complete sentence answers (पूर्णवाक्याध्कौ) - 2 marks
- Language tasks (भाषिकं कार्यम्) - 2 marks
Poetic Texts from शान्ति
- परोपकाराय सतां विभूतयः - Service to others
- मानो हि महतां धनम् - Honor as wealth
- कृताञ्जलिः - Expression of gratitude
- ईशः कृत्स्नायोग्यः - Divine consciousness
नाट्यांशम् (Drama Passages) 5 Marks
Question Pattern
- Very short answers (अतिलघूत्तराध्कौ) - 1 mark
- Complete sentence answers (पूर्णवाक्याध्कौ) - 2 marks
- Language tasks (भाषिकं कार्यम्) - 2 marks
Dramatic Text from शान्ति
- सौवर्णशकटिका - The golden cart (dramatic narrative)
Additional Text Analysis 10 Marks
प्रश्ननिर्माणम् (Question Formation) - 4 Marks
- Form appropriate questions for underlined words
- Based on prescribed text passages
- Grammatically correct interrogatives
अन्वयः (Prose Order) - 3 Marks
- Complete prose order of a verse (पूर्णोऽन्वयः)
- Logical arrangement of words
- Proper Sanskrit syntax
भावार्थलेखनम्/चरित्रचित्रणम् (Explanation/Character) - 3 Marks
- Detailed explanation of meaning (भावार्थलेखनम्)
- Character portrayal (चरित्रचित्रणम्)
- Contextual interpretation
सप्रसङ्गव्याख्या (Contextual Explanation) - 5 Marks
- Complete contextual explanation
- Background information
- Literary significance
- Thematic analysis
Section D(ii): Sanskrit Literature History (10 Marks)
संस्कृत-साहित्येतिहासः - Literary Heritage Study
प्रमुखलेखकानां परिचयः 4 Marks
Major Authors from Prescribed Texts
- Authors of chapters in शान्ति
- Classical Sanskrit poets and writers
- Their major works and contributions
- Historical period and significance
वैदिक-साहित्यस्य परिचयः 3 Marks
Vedic Literature Overview
- Four Vedas: ऋग्वेद, सामवेद, यजुर्वेद, अथर्ववेद
- Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads
- Vedic language characteristics
- Historical development and significance
- Major themes and philosophical concepts
लौकिक-साहित्यस्य परिचयः 3 Marks
Classical Literature Overview
- Epics: रामायण and महाभारत
- Puranic literature overview
- Classical poetry (काव्य)
- Drama (नाटक) tradition
- Major characteristics and themes
- Historical context and evolution
Specific Topics from संस्कृत-साहित्य-परिचय
- संस्कृत भाषा उत्थान एवं विकास
- वैदिक साहित्य की विशेषताएं
- रामायण की कथा और महत्त्व
- महाभारत एवं पुराणों का परिचय
Section E: Prosody & Rhetoric (10 Marks)
छन्दोऽलंकार-परिचयः - Poetic Techniques
छन्दः परिचयः (Prosody) 5 Marks
Major Metres (मुख्य छन्दांसि)
- अनुष्टुप् (32 मात्रा)
- उपजाति (11-11-11-11 वर्ण)
- वसन्ततिलका (14 वर्ण)
- मालिनी (15 वर्ण)
- शिखरिणी (17 वर्ण)
- मन्दाक्रान्ता (17 वर्ण)
- शार्दूलविक्रीडित (19 वर्ण)
Assessment Areas
- Identification of metres in given verses
- Characteristics of each metre
- गुरु-लघु (heavy-light) syllable patterns
- Examples from prescribed texts
अलंकारः परिचयः (Rhetoric) 5 Marks
शब्दालंकाराः (Sound-based Figures)
- अनुप्रास (Alliteration)
- यमक (Homophone)
- श्लेष (Double meaning)
अर्थालंकाराः (Meaning-based Figures)
- उपमा (Simile)
- रूपक (Metaphor)
- उत्प्रेक्षा (Poetic fancy)
- अर्थान्तरन्यास (Substantiation)
- दृष्टान्त (Illustration)
- व्यतिरेक (Contrast)
Assessment Areas
- Identification of figures of speech
- Examples with explanation
- Recognition in prescribed verses
- Literary effect and significance
Internal Assessment (20 Marks)
आन्तरिक-मूल्यांकनम्
Continuous Evaluation Throughout the Year
Total Internal Assessment: 20 Marks
आवधिक-परीक्षाः
5 Marks
Periodic Tests conducted during the year
बहुविध-मूल्यांकनम्
5 Marks
Classroom activities, oral tests, and project work
निवेशसूचिका
5 Marks
Portfolio maintenance and organization
भाषा-गतिविधयः
5 Marks
Language enhancement activities
भाषा-संवर्धनाय गतिविधयः (Language Activities)
- कथाश्रवणम् (Story listening sessions)
- वाद-विवादः (Debates in Sanskrit)
- संस्कृतभाषणम् (Sanskrit speech competitions)
- नाट्यप्रस्तुतिः (Drama presentations)
- त्वरितभाषणम् (Rapid speech activities)
- श्लोकस्मरणम् (Verse recitation)
- संस्कृतगीतम् (Sanskrit songs)
- सम्भाषणकक्षाः (Conversation classes)
Examination Pattern (March 2026)
Question Paper Design
Total Marks: 80 | Duration: 3 Hours
Subject Code: 022
| Question Type | Marks Each | Number | Total Marks | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multiple Choice (बहुविकल्पाध्काः) | 1 | 18 | 18 | 22.5% |
| Very Short Answer (अतिलघूत्तराध्काः) | ½ | 6 | 3 | 3.75% |
| Very Short Answer (अतिलघूत्तराध्काः) | 1 | 6 | 6 | 7.5% |
| Essay Type (निबन्धाध्काः) | 5 | 3 | 15 | 18.75% |
| Essay Type (निबन्धाध्काः) | 3 | 2 | 6 | 7.5% |
| Long Answer (दीर्घोत्तराध्काः) | 1 | 10 | 10 | 12.5% |
| Long Answer (दीर्घोत्तराध्काः) | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5% |
| Short Answer (लघूत्तराध्काः) | ½ | 4 | 2 | 2.5% |
| Short Answer (लघूत्तराध्काः) | 1 | 16 | 16 | 20% |
| Total Questions & Marks | 80 | 100% | ||
Assessment Features
- Comprehensive coverage of all prescribed texts from शान्ति
- Integration of grammar with practical application
- Literature history and cultural context evaluation
- Prosody and rhetoric identification and analysis
- Creative writing and translation skills assessment
- Unseen comprehension for independent reading skills
- Sanskrit composition and expression evaluation
- Cultural and philosophical understanding through texts
Key Success Tips
Preparation Strategy
- Master all prescribed chapters from शान्ति with thorough understanding
- Practice comprehensive grammar rules with examples from texts
- Develop strong foundation in संधि, शब्दरूप, and धातुरूप
- Regular practice of Sanskrit composition and translation
- Study Sanskrit literature history systematically
- Learn to identify छन्द and अलंकार in verses
- Practice unseen comprehension passages regularly
- Maintain neat handwriting in Devanagari script
- Understand cultural and philosophical contexts of texts
- Participate actively in Sanskrit conversation and activities
- Regular revision of vocabulary and grammatical forms
- Practice previous year question papers and sample papers
Career Connections
Sanskrit Studies & Research
- Sanskrit (Honors/Master's/PhD)
- Vedic Studies and Research
- Sanskrit Literature & Criticism
- Comparative Literature
- Manuscript Studies
- Sanskrit Computational Linguistics
- Digital Humanities
Education & Teaching
- Sanskrit Teacher (School/College)
- Professor of Sanskrit
- Sanskrit Language Instructor
- Educational Content Developer
- Curriculum Designer
- Online Sanskrit Educator
- Sanskrit Learning App Developer
Translation & Literature
- Sanskrit Translator
- Literary Translator
- Sanskrit Content Writer
- Publishing House Editor
- Sanskrit Manuscript Editor
- Cultural Documentation
- Sanskrit Journalism
Cultural & Religious Organizations
- Temple Administration
- Cultural Center Coordinator
- Spiritual Organization Roles
- Heritage Conservation
- Museum Curator (Indology)
- Cultural Events Management
- Religious Studies Specialist
Government & Public Service
- Civil Services (with Sanskrit background)
- Archaeological Survey of India
- Ministry of Culture
- Sahitya Akademi
- Central Sanskrit University
- State Sanskrit Boards
- Cultural Attaché (Embassies)
Modern Applications
- Sanskrit Software Development
- AI & Sanskrit Language Processing
- Sanskrit Learning Apps
- Digital Sanskrit Libraries
- Sanskrit Speech Recognition
- Sanskrit-English Translation Tools
- Sanskrit Typography & Fonts
Important Resources
Official CBSE Resources
- NCERT शान्ति - प्रथमो भागः
- NCERT संस्कृत-साहित्य-परिचय
- CBSE Sample Papers 2025-26
- Previous Year Question Papers
- CBSE Marking Schemes
- Sanskrit Elective Guidelines
Grammar Reference Books
- व्याकरणसौरभम् (NCERT)
- हायर संस्कृत व्याकरण (M.R. Kale)
- रचनानुवादकौमुदी (Kapildev Dwivedi)
- लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी
- संस्कृतव्याकरणप्रवेशः
- अष्टाध्यायी (Reference)
Digital Sanskrit Resources
- Sanskrit Dictionary Online
- Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon
- Gretil (Göttingen Register)
- Sanskrit Library
- Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries
- Sanskrit Documents
Literature & Poetry
- Kalidasa's Works (Reference)
- Bhartrihari's Shatakatraya
- Subhashita Collections
- Panchtantra
- Hitopadesha
- Sanskrit Stotra Collections
Prosody & Metrics
- छन्दःशास्त्र (Pingala)
- छन्दोमञ्जरी
- वृत्तरत्नाकर
- Metre Recognition Tools
- Sanskrit Prosody Guides
- Classical Metre Examples
Mobile Apps & Tools
- Sanskrit Keyboard Apps
- Sanskrit Dictionary Apps
- Sanskrit Learning Apps
- Devanagari Text Converters
- Sanskrit OCR Tools
- Sanskrit Audio Resources
Study Timeline & Important Dates
| Period | Focus Area | Action Required | Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|
| April - June 2025 | Foundation Building | Grammar basics, first 3 chapters of शान्ति | Periodic Test 1 |
| July - September 2025 | Text Comprehension | Chapters 4-6, literature history basics | Portfolio Review |
| October - December 2025 | Advanced Grammar | Complete grammar topics, chapters 7-9< |