CBSE Class XII Chemistry
Complete Chapter-wise Syllabus 2025-26 | Subject Code: 043
Course Overview
Theory Paper
70
Marks
Practical Work
30
Marks
Duration
3
Hours
Total Units
10
Units
Learning Objectives
- Understanding advanced concepts of physical chemistry including solutions, electrochemistry, and kinetics
- Mastering inorganic chemistry of transition elements and coordination compounds
- Developing knowledge of organic chemistry mechanisms and reactions
- Exploring biochemistry through biomolecules and their functions
- Building skills for chemical analysis and laboratory techniques
- Understanding industrial applications of chemical processes
- Preparation for advanced chemistry studies and competitive examinations
- Developing scientific temperament and analytical thinking
Unit-wise Marks Distribution
| Unit No. | Unit Name | Marks | Chemistry Branch | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Solutions | 7 | Physical Chemistry | Colligative Properties, Raoult's Law |
| 2 | Electrochemistry | 9 | Physical Chemistry | EMF, Conductance, Electrolysis |
| 3 | Chemical Kinetics | 7 | Physical Chemistry | Rate Laws, Mechanisms |
| 4 | d- and f-Block Elements | 7 | Inorganic Chemistry | Transition Metals, Lanthanides |
| 5 | Coordination Compounds | 7 | Inorganic Chemistry | Ligands, Bonding, Isomerism |
| 6 | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | 6 | Organic Chemistry | C-X Bond, Mechanisms |
| 7 | Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | 6 | Organic Chemistry | Functional Groups, Reactions |
| 8 | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | 8 | Organic Chemistry | Carbonyl Chemistry |
| 9 | Amines | 6 | Organic Chemistry | Nitrogen Chemistry |
| 10 | Biomolecules | 7 | Biochemistry | Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids |
| Total Theory | 70 | 10 Units Total | ||
Physical Chemistry Units (23 Marks)
Physical Chemistry - 33% of Total Theory Marks
NCERT Textbook: Chemistry Part I & II (Class XII)
Comprehensive coverage of physical chemistry principles and applications
Unit 1: Solutions 7 Marks
Chapter 2: Solutions
- Types of solutions and concentration expressions
- Solubility of gases in liquids and solids in liquids
- Raoult's law and its applications
- Colligative properties:
- • Relative lowering of vapor pressure
- • Elevation of boiling point
- • Depression of freezing point
- • Osmotic pressure
- Determination of molecular masses using colligative properties
- Abnormal molecular mass and Van't Hoff factor
Unit 2: Electrochemistry 9 Marks
Chapter 3: Electrochemistry
- Redox reactions and electrode processes
- EMF of a cell and standard electrode potential
- Nernst equation and its applications
- Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF
- Conductance in electrolytic solutions:
- • Specific and molar conductivity
- • Variations with concentration
- • Kohlrausch's Law
- Electrolysis and laws of electrolysis
- Dry cell, lead accumulator, fuel cells
- Corrosion and its prevention
Unit 3: Chemical Kinetics 7 Marks
Chapter 4: Chemical Kinetics
- Rate of reaction and factors affecting rate
- Order and molecularity of reactions
- Rate law and specific rate constant
- Integrated rate equations and half-life:
- • Zero order reactions
- • First order reactions
- Collision theory of chemical reactions
- Activation energy and Arrhenius equation
- Catalysis: types and mechanisms
Inorganic Chemistry Units (14 Marks)
Inorganic Chemistry - 20% of Total Theory Marks
Unit 4: d- and f-Block Elements 7 Marks
Chapter 8: The d- and f-Block Elements
- General introduction to transition metals
- Electronic configuration and characteristic properties
- General trends in properties of first row transition metals:
- • Metallic character, ionization enthalpy
- • Oxidation states, atomic radii
- • Color, catalytic properties, magnetic properties
- Preparation and properties of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄
- Lanthanoids: electronic configuration
- Oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction
- Actinoids: electronic configuration and oxidation states
Unit 5: Coordination Compounds 7 Marks
Chapter 9: Coordination Compounds
- Introduction to coordination compounds
- Ligands, coordination number, coordination sphere
- IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds
- Bonding in coordination compounds:
- • Werner's theory
- • Valence Bond Theory (VBT)
- • Crystal Field Theory (CFT)
- Structure and stereoisomerism
- Isomerism in coordination compounds
- Importance of coordination compounds
Organic Chemistry Units (26 Marks)
Organic Chemistry - 37% of Total Theory Marks
Unit 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 6 Marks
Chapter 10: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Classification and nomenclature
- Nature of C–X bond in haloalkanes and haloarenes
- Physical properties and methods of preparation
- Chemical reactions of haloalkanes:
- • Substitution reactions (SN1 and SN2 mechanisms)
- • Elimination reactions
- Chemical reactions of haloarenes:
- • Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds
- Uses and environmental effects of compounds like:
- • Dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane
- • Iodoform, freons, DDT
Unit 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 6 Marks
Chapter 11: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Classification, nomenclature and isomerism
- Methods of preparation of alcohols:
- • From alkenes, carbonyl compounds
- • Grignard reagents
- Physical and chemical properties of alcohols
- Identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols
- Mechanism of dehydration
- Uses of methanol and ethanol
- Phenols: preparation, properties and uses
- Ethers: preparation, properties and uses
Unit 8: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 8 Marks
Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
- Classification, nomenclature and nature of carbonyl group
- Methods of preparation of aldehydes and ketones
- Physical and chemical properties:
- • Nucleophilic addition reactions
- • Reduction and oxidation
- • Reactions due to α-hydrogen
- Mechanism of aldol condensation
- Cross aldol condensation
- Cannizzaro reaction
- Uses of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde
- Carboxylic acids: preparation, properties
- Acidic nature and factors affecting acid strength
Unit 9: Amines 6 Marks
Chapter 13: Amines
- Classification, structure and nomenclature
- Methods of preparation of aliphatic and aromatic amines
- Physical and chemical properties:
- • Basic character of amines
- • Comparison of basic strength
- • Alkylation and acylation
- Reaction with nitrous acid
- Identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines
- Diazonium salts: preparation, properties and importance
Biochemistry Unit (7 Marks)
Unit 10: Biomolecules
Biochemistry - 10% of Total Theory Marks
Unit 10: Biomolecules 7 Marks
Chapter 14: Biomolecules
- Carbohydrates - classification and function:
- • Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose)
- • Oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose)
- • Polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen)
- Proteins - elementary idea of α-amino acids
- • Peptide bond
- • Polypeptides
- • Proteins structure (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary)
- • Denaturation of proteins
- • Enzymes and their functions
- Hormones - elementary idea excluding structure
- Vitamins - classification and functions
- Nucleic acids - DNA and RNA structure and functions
Practical Work (30 Marks)
Practical Assessment Structure
Total Practical Marks: 30
Duration: 3 Hours
Evaluation Scheme for Practical Examination
Volumetric Analysis
8 Marks
Quantitative chemical analysis using titration methods
Salt Analysis
8 Marks
Qualitative identification of cations and anions
Content Based Experiment
6 Marks
Theory-based practical experiments
Project Work
4 Marks
Independent research project
Class Record and Viva
4 Marks
Laboratory record and oral examination
Practical Syllabus Content
Surface Chemistry
- Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol
- Dialysis of sol-prepared above
- Study of the role of emulsifying agents
- Study of adsorption of organic acids on charcoal
Chemical Kinetics
- Effect of concentration on rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and HCl
- Effect of temperature on rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and HCl
Thermochemistry
- Enthalpy changes during interaction (hydrogen bond formation) between acetone and chloroform
- Enthalpy change during interaction between acetone and chloroform
Electrochemistry
- Variation of cell potential in Zn|Zn²⁺|| Cu²⁺|Cu with change in concentration of electrolytes
- Constructing an electrochemical series
Chromatography
- Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper chromatography
- Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture
Preparation of Compounds
- Preparation of inorganic compounds
- Preparation of organic compounds
- Tests for functional groups present in organic compounds
- Test for the purity of organic compounds
Tests based on reactions of Foodstuffs
- Tests for the presence of Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins
- Detection of adulteration in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric powder, chilli powder and pepper
Quantitative Estimation
- Using a mechanical balance/electronic balance
- Preparation of standard solution of Oxalic acid
- Determination of strength of KMnO₄ solution by titrating against standard solution of oxalic acid
- Determination of strength of KMnO₄ solution by titrating against Mohr's salt solution
Qualitative Analysis
- Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt
- Cations - Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺
- Anions - CO₃²⁻, S²⁻, SO₃²⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻, PO₄³⁻, C₂O₄²⁻, CH₃COO⁻
- (Note: Insoluble salts excluded)
Suggested Investigatory Projects
Food & Biochemistry Projects
- Study of the oxalate ion content in guava fruit at different stages of ripening
- Study of quantity of casein in different samples of milk
- Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with natural milk
- Study of the effect of potassium bisulphate as food preservative
- Study of digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of pH and temperature
- Comparative study of the rate of fermentation of different sugar samples
- Analysis of honey
- Study of constituents of an alloy
Environmental Chemistry Projects
- Checking the bacterial contamination in drinking water by testing sulphide ion
- Study of methods of purification of water
- Testing the hardness, presence of Iron, Fluoride, Chloride etc. depending upon the regional variation in drinking water
- Investigation of the foaming capacity of different washing soaps
- Study the acidity of different samples of tea leaves
- Determination of the rate of evaporation of different liquids
- Study the effect of acids and bases on the tensile strength of fibers
- Study of acidity of fruit and vegetable juices
Industrial Chemistry Projects
- Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf (aniseed), Ajwain (carum), Illaichi (cardamom)
- Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric powder, chilli powder and pepper
- Comparative study of antacid tablets
- Determination of the contents of cold drinks and fruit juices
- Study of crystallisation of solids from hot and supersaturated solutions
- Preparation of ink
- Study of saponification value of oils
- Preparation of perfumes
Examination Pattern (March 2026)
Question Paper Design
Total Marks: 70 | Duration: 3 Hours
Subject Code: 043
| Question Type | Cognitive Level | Marks | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Remembering and Understanding | Knowledge & Comprehension | 28 | 40% |
| Applying | Application | 21 | 30% |
| Analysing, Evaluating and Creating | Higher Order Thinking | 21 | 30% |
| Total Theory + Practical | 100 | 100% | |
Assessment Features
- No chapter-wise weightage; all chapters must be covered
- No overall choice in question paper
- 33% internal choices provided in all sections
- Three domains of cognitive processes are assessed
- Numerical problems from physical chemistry concepts
- Mechanism-based questions in organic chemistry
- Structure-property relationship questions
- Applications of chemical principles to real-life situations
Key Success Tips
Preparation Strategy
- Balance theory and practical work equally throughout the year
- Focus on understanding mechanisms rather than memorizing reactions
- Practice numerical problems from physical chemistry daily
- Create flowcharts for organic chemistry reactions and mechanisms
- Learn IUPAC nomenclature systematically for all compounds
- Understand periodic trends and their applications
- Connect biomolecules with daily life examples
- Practice drawing structures of coordination compounds
- Master qualitative analysis through regular lab practice
- Complete project work with proper scientific methodology
- Use molecular models to understand 3D structures
- Practice previous year question papers and sample papers
Career Connections
Pure Sciences
- Chemistry (Honors/General)
- Chemical Research & Analysis
- Physical Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
- Environmental Chemistry
Chemical Engineering
- Chemical Engineering
- Petroleum Engineering
- Materials Science
- Process Engineering
- Polymer Science
- Nanotechnology
- Catalysis & Surface Science
Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Pharmacy (B.Pharm, M.Pharm)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Drug Development
- Clinical Research
- Pharmaceutical Analysis
- Regulatory Affairs
- Quality Control & Assurance
Life Sciences & Medicine
- MBBS (Medical Studies)
- Biochemistry
- Biotechnology
- Molecular Biology
- Forensic Science
- Food Technology
- Agricultural Chemistry
Applied Chemistry
- Chemical Technology
- Petrochemical Industry
- Paint & Pigment Technology
- Cosmetic Chemistry
- Textile Chemistry
- Water Treatment Technology
- Environmental Engineering
Research & Development
- Research Scientist
- Product Development
- Innovation Manager
- Technical Consultant
- Patent Analyst
- Science Communication
- Government Research Labs
Important Resources
Official CBSE Resources
- NCERT Chemistry Part I (Class XII)
- NCERT Chemistry Part II (Class XII)
- CBSE Sample Papers 2025-26
- Previous Year Question Papers
- CBSE Marking Schemes
- Manual of Microscale Chemistry Laboratory Kit
Laboratory Resources
- Chemistry Lab Manual (NCERT)
- Practical Notebook Guidelines
- Safety Guidelines for Chemistry Lab
- Equipment Handling Instructions
- Chemical Storage & Disposal Protocols
- First Aid in Chemistry Laboratory
Reference Books
- Physical Chemistry by P.W. Atkins
- Organic Chemistry by Morrison & Boyd
- Inorganic Chemistry by J.D. Lee
- Numerical Chemistry by P. Bahadur
- Advanced Problems in Organic Chemistry
- Concise Inorganic Chemistry by J.D. Lee
Online Resources
- ChemSketch (Chemical Structure Drawing)
- PubChem Database
- Chemical Equation Balancer Tools
- 3D Molecular Visualization Software
- Online Chemistry Simulations
- YouTube Chemistry Channels
Study Tools
- Periodic Table (Detailed)
- Chemical Formula Reference
- Reaction Mechanism Templates
- Molecular Model Kits
- Chemistry Formula Sheets
- Graph Papers for Practical Work
Competitive Exams
- JEE Main Chemistry Section
- NEET Chemistry Syllabus
- KVPY Chemistry Topics
- KCET Chemistry Preparation
- COMEDK Chemistry Section
- State Engineering Entrance Exams
Important Dates & Timeline
| Event | Timeline | Action Required |
|---|---|---|
| Practical Work Start | April - May 2025 | Begin regular laboratory sessions |
| Project Topic Selection | July - August 2025 | Choose investigatory project with teacher guidance |
| Mid-term Practicals | September - October 2025 | Complete qualitative analysis practice |
| Project Completion | December 2025 - January 2026 | Finalize project report and data analysis |
| Practical Examination | February 2026 | Appear for practical assessment (30 marks) |
| Theory Examination | March 2026 | 3-hour comprehensive theory paper (70 marks) |
Download Resources
NCERT Textbooks Download
Access official NCERT Chemistry textbooks for Class XII:
Chemistry Part I: Download from NCERT Official Site
Chemistry Part II: Download from NCERT Official Site
Laboratory Manual: Download Laboratory Manual