CBSE Class 12 Informatics Practices Syllabus (2025-26) - Detailed Breakdown

CBSE Class XII Informatics Practices Syllabus 2025-26 - Complete Chapter-wise Curriculum

Course Overview

Theory Paper

Marks

Practical Work

Marks

Duration

Hours

Total Units

Units

Learning Objectives

Create and manipulate Series and DataFrames using Pandas library
Visualize data using relevant graphs and charts with Matplotlib
Design and execute advanced SQL queries using aggregate functions
Understand networking terminology, internet concepts, and web technologies
Analyze the impact of technology on society including ethical considerations
Develop practical skills in data analysis and visualization
Complete project-based learning with real-world applications
Master database operations and data import/export techniques

Unit-wise Marks Distribution

Unit No.	Unit Name	Marks	Percentage	Focus Area
1	Data Handling using Pandas and Data Visualization	25	35.7%	Python Libraries
2	Database Query using SQL	25	35.7%	Advanced SQL
3	Introduction to Computer Networks	10	14.3%	Networking
4	Societal Impacts	10	14.3%	Ethics & Society
Theory Total		70	100%	4 Units

Note: Data Handling with Pandas and SQL Queries carry maximum weightage (25 marks each)

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Unit 1: Data Handling using Pandas and Data Visualization (25 Marks)

MAXIMUM WEIGHTAGE - 35.7% of Total Theory Marks

NCERT Chapters: Data Handling & Visualization

Covers advanced Python libraries for data science and analytical thinking

Data Handling using Pandas - I 15 Marks

Chapter 2: Data Handling using Pandas - I

Introduction to Python Libraries
Series - Creation and Operations
DataFrame - Creation and Manipulation
Importing and Exporting Data
CSV Files and DataFrames Integration
Pandas Series Vs NumPy ndarray

Chapter 3: Data Handling using Pandas - II

Descriptive Statistics Operations
Data Aggregations and Grouping
Sorting a DataFrame
GROUP BY Functions
Altering the Index
Other DataFrame Operations
Handling Missing Values
Import and Export between Pandas and MySQL

Data Visualization 10 Marks

Chapter 4: Plotting Data using Matplotlib

Introduction to Data Visualization
Plotting using Matplotlib Library
Line plots, Bar graphs, Histograms
Customization of Plots
Adding labels, titles, and legends
The Pandas Plot Function
Pandas Visualisation techniques
Saving and displaying plots

Unit 2: Database Query using SQL (25 Marks)

MAXIMUM WEIGHTAGE - 35.7% of Total Theory Marks

NCERT Chapter: Advanced SQL Operations

Comprehensive coverage of advanced SQL functions and database operations

Advanced SQL Functions 25 Marks

Chapter 1: Querying and SQL Functions

Revision of Class XI SQL Concepts
Mathematical Functions:
• POWER(), ROUND(), MOD()
Text Functions:
• UCASE()/UPPER(), LCASE()/LOWER()
• MID()/SUBSTRING()/SUBSTR()
• LENGTH(), LEFT(), RIGHT(), INSTR()
• LTRIM(), RTRIM(), TRIM()
Date Functions:
• NOW(), DATE(), MONTH(), MONTHNAME()
• YEAR(), DAY(), DAYNAME()
Aggregate Functions:
• MAX(), MIN(), AVG(), SUM(), COUNT()
• Using COUNT(*)
GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses
ORDER BY for Data Sorting
Working with Two Tables (Equi-Join)

Unit 3: Introduction to Computer Networks (10 Marks)

NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS - 14.3% of Total Theory Marks

NCERT Chapter: Internet and Web Technologies

Essential networking concepts and internet technologies

Computer Networks & Internet 10 Marks

Chapter 5: Internet and Web

Introduction to Computer Networks
Types of Networks:
• PAN (Personal Area Network)
• LAN (Local Area Network)
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
• WAN (Wide Area Network)
Network Devices:
• Modem, Hub, Switch
• Repeater, Router, Gateway
Network Topologies:
• Star, Bus, Tree, Mesh
Introduction to Internet
URL, WWW, and Internet Applications
Web, Email, Chat, VoIP
Website vs Webpage concepts
Static vs Dynamic Web Pages
Web Server and Website Hosting
Web Browsers and their features
Browser settings, add-ons, plug-ins
Cookies and web browsing

Unit 4: Societal Impacts (10 Marks)

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY - 14.3% of Total Theory Marks

NCERT Chapter: Technology and Society

Critical analysis of technology's impact on modern society

Digital Ethics & Society 10 Marks

Chapter 6: Societal Impacts

Digital Footprints and Online Identity
Net and Communication Etiquettes
Digital Society and Netizen Responsibilities
Data Protection and Privacy
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
Plagiarism and Copyright Issues
Licensing and Creative Commons
Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)
Cyber Crime and Security:
• Hacking and Phishing
• Cyber Bullying
• Identity Theft
Indian Information Technology Act (IT Act)
Cyber Laws and Legal Framework
E-waste: Hazards and Management
Environmental Impact of Technology
Health Concerns from Technology Usage
Digital Divide and Accessibility

Practical Work (30 Marks)

HANDS-ON ASSESSMENT - 30% of Total Marks

Practical Assessment Components

Programming + Database + Project + Viva

Minimum Programs: 15 Pandas + 4 Matplotlib + 15 SQL queries

Duration: Throughout the academic year

Practical Marks Distribution

Pandas & Matplotlib

8 Marks
Data analysis and visualization programs

SQL Queries

7 Marks
Advanced database operations and functions

Practical File

5 Marks
Complete documentation of all programs

Project Work

5 Marks
Real-world application development

Viva-Voce

5 Marks
Oral examination on concepts and project

Suggested Practical Programs

Pandas Programming (15+ Programs)

Create Series from dictionary and ndarray
Series operations and 75th percentile analysis
DataFrame for quarterly sales data
Group data by category and analyze expenditure
Examination result analysis and display
Filter rows based on different criteria
Remove duplicate rows from DataFrame
Import and export data between Pandas and CSV
Data cleaning and missing value handling
Statistical operations on DataFrames
Data aggregation and grouping operations
Sorting and indexing operations
DataFrame manipulation and transformation
Merging and joining multiple DataFrames
Time series data analysis

Data Visualization (4+ Programs)

School result data performance analysis
Subject-wise and class-wise analysis charts
Plot charts with title and legend
Open source data visualization (data.gov.in)
Aggregate and summarize data
Different plotting functions of Matplotlib
Line plots, bar graphs, histograms
Customized plots with labels and titles

SQL Programming (15+ Queries)

Create student table with proper attributes
Insert new student details
Delete specific student records
Select students with marks more than 80
Find min, max, sum, average of marks
Count customers by country using GROUP BY
Order student records in descending order
Use mathematical functions (POWER, ROUND, MOD)
Apply text functions (UPPER, LOWER, SUBSTR)
Date functions for date manipulation
Aggregate functions with GROUP BY and HAVING
Join operations on two tables
Advanced WHERE clause conditions
Data manipulation using UPDATE and DELETE
Complex queries with multiple conditions

Project Work Guidelines

REAL-WORLD APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

NCERT Chapter: Project Based Learning

Chapter 7 covers comprehensive project development methodology

Project Objectives

Create tangible and useful IT applications
Identify real-world problems in local environment
Visit shops, businesses, communities, organizations
Understand data generation, storage, and management
Analyze data stored in CSV or database files
Use Python libraries for data analysis
Generate appropriate charts for visualization
Develop software for school or social good

Project Development Areas

Data Analysis Projects

School performance analysis system
Student attendance tracking
Sports event management system
Library book management
Online shopping data analysis
Weather data visualization
Census data interpretation

Social Good Applications

NGO donation management system
Healthcare appointment system
Environment pollution tracker
Education resource sharing platform
Community event organizer
Local business directory
Government scheme awareness portal

Business Applications

Inventory management system
Customer relationship management
Sales analysis and reporting
Employee attendance system
Product recommendation system
Restaurant order management
Transportation booking system

Project Requirements

Individual projects or groups of 2-3 students
Start project at least 6 months before submission
Use concepts learned in Class XI and XII
Avoid plagiarism and copyright violations
Properly reference all data and images used
Include proper documentation and user manual
Present project to both internal and external examiners
Prepare for comprehensive viva-voce examination

Examination Pattern (March 2026)

Question Paper Design

Total Marks: 70 | Duration: 3 Hours

Subject Code: 065

Question Type	Cognitive Level	Marks	Percentage
Remembering and Understanding	Knowledge & Comprehension	28	40%
Applying	Application	21	30%
Analysing, Evaluating and Creating	Higher Order Thinking	21	30%
Total Theory + Practical		100	100%

Assessment Features

Equal emphasis on Data Analysis and SQL Database operations
Programming questions with practical implementation
Data visualization and interpretation problems
Real-world case studies in data analysis
Networking concepts and internet technology questions
Ethical and social impact analysis
Integration of theoretical concepts with practical applications
Project-based evaluation throughout the academic year

Key Success Tips

Preparation Strategy

Master both Pandas data analysis and SQL equally (25 marks each)
Practice hands-on programming regularly in Python and SQL
Focus on data visualization skills using Matplotlib
Understand networking concepts and internet technologies
Stay updated with current digital ethics and cyber laws
Work on project consistently throughout the year
Practice data import/export between different formats
Master DataFrame operations and data manipulation
Understand advanced SQL functions and their applications
Complete practical file with proper documentation
Prepare for viva-voce with conceptual understanding
Practice previous year question papers and sample papers

Career Connections

Data Science & Analytics

Data Scientist
Data Analyst
Business Intelligence Analyst
Machine Learning Engineer
Statistical Analyst
Research Analyst
Quantitative Analyst

Software Development

Python Developer
Full Stack Developer
Web Developer
Software Engineer
Application Developer
Database Developer
API Developer

Database & Systems

Database Administrator
Database Analyst
System Administrator
Data Engineer
ETL Developer
Big Data Specialist
Cloud Database Engineer

IT & Networking

Network Administrator
Systems Analyst
IT Consultant
Network Engineer
Cybersecurity Specialist
IT Project Manager
Technical Support Specialist

Business & Consulting

Business Analyst
IT Consultant
Digital Marketing Analyst
Product Manager
Technology Consultant
Process Improvement Analyst
Digital Transformation Specialist

Higher Education

Computer Science Engineering
Information Technology
Data Science & Analytics
Computer Applications (BCA/MCA)
Statistics & Data Science
Business Analytics
Artificial Intelligence & ML

Important Resources

Official CBSE Resources

NCERT Informatics Practices Class XII Textbook
CBSE Sample Papers 2025-26
Previous Year Question Papers
CBSE Marking Schemes
Practical Examination Guidelines
Project Work Assessment Criteria

Programming Resources

Python Official Documentation
Pandas Documentation
Matplotlib Tutorials
MySQL Documentation
Jupyter Notebook Tutorials
GitHub Code Repositories

Data Science Tools

Anaconda Distribution
Jupyter Notebook
Google Colab
MySQL Workbench
phpMyAdmin
Visual Studio Code

Practice Datasets

Kaggle Datasets
Data.gov.in
UCI Machine Learning Repository
Google Dataset Search
Government Open Data
Educational Datasets

Online Learning

Python.org Tutorials
W3Schools SQL Tutorials
GeeksforGeeks Programming
YouTube Educational Channels
Coursera Data Science Courses
edX Programming Courses

Ethics & Society

IT Act 2000 Documentation
Cyber Crime Portal
Digital India Initiatives
Privacy Policy Guidelines
Creative Commons Licensing
FOSS Community Resources

Important Timeline

Activity	Timeline	Action Required
Project Planning	July - August 2025	Select project topic and form teams
Programming Practice	Throughout the year	Complete Pandas, Matplotlib, and SQL programs
Project Development	September 2025 - January 2026	Develop application using learned concepts
Practical File Completion	December 2025 - January 2026	Document all programs with proper format
Project Presentation	February 2026	Present to internal and external examiners
Theory Examination	March 2026	3-hour comprehensive theory paper

CBSE Class XII Informatics Practices